PE 电力管室外直埋施工方案:防腐与机械损伤防护

2025-08-18



PE电力管因其耐腐蚀、重量轻、施工便捷等优势,在室外电力管线直埋工程中应用广泛。但直埋环境下的土壤腐蚀、外部荷载冲击等因素易导致管道损坏,需通过科学的施工方案实现长效防护。以下从施工准备、防腐设计、机械防护及质量控制四方面阐述关键技术要点。

一、施工前环境评估与材料准备

施工前需对土壤进行腐蚀性检测,通过pH值测定、电阻率测试及土壤成分分析,确定腐蚀等级。针对强腐蚀性土壤(pH<4.5或>9.0),需采用加强型防腐措施。同时检查PE管材质量,确保其符合GB/T 13663.2标准,重点核查管材壁厚偏差、拉伸强度及耐候性指标,不合格管材严禁入场。

二、多层防腐体系构建技术

1. 管材本体防护

选用符合工程压力等级的PE100级管材,确保原料纯度(炭黑含量2.5%-3.0%)以提升抗紫外线老化能力。对于接口部位,采用电热熔连接工艺,施工时需保证熔接面清洁度,熔接参数严格按管材厂家提供的工艺曲线执行,熔接后进行100%气压检测(试验压力0.15MPa,保压30分钟无压降)。

2. 复合防护层设计

在中度腐蚀土壤环境中,可采用"PE管+热收缩套"双层防护;强腐蚀环境下需增设环氧煤沥青防腐涂层(干膜厚度≥0.4mm)。施工时先对管材表面进行喷砂除锈(达到Sa2.5级),再采用无气喷涂工艺涂覆底漆,缠绕玻璃纤维布后涂刷面漆,形成完整防腐体系。

三、机械损伤综合防护措施

1. 埋深与垫层设计

车行道下埋深不小于0.7m,人行道不小于0.5m,穿越机动车道时需加深至1.0m。沟槽底部铺设200mm厚级配砂石垫层(粒径5-31.5mm),采用平板振动器夯实(压实度≥90%),避免尖锐物直接接触管道。

2. 回填材料与工艺控制

采用分层回填法:第一层(管顶以下300mm)选用粒径≤5mm的细沙土,人工夯实;第二层(300-500mm)采用素土回填,小型压路机压实(压实度≥93%);上层按路基要求回填。回填过程中严禁使用建筑垃圾或冻土块,管顶500mm范围内不得采用机械碾压。

3. 警示与隔离措施

在管顶上方300mm处连续敷设警示带(宽度≥200mm,印有"电力电缆 严禁开挖"字样),警示带搭接长度≥100mm。穿越道路或易受施工扰动区域时,需设置MPP保护管(管径大于工作管两级),保护管两端延伸至路基外2m。

四、施工质量控制要点

1. 接口质量管控

电热熔焊接前需校直管材,错边量≤10%壁厚。焊接完成后自然冷却时间不少于30分钟,冷却过程中严禁移动管材。每个焊口需进行外观检查(无气泡、翻边均匀),并按5%比例进行破坏性试验。

2. 防护层完整性检测

采用电火花检漏仪(电压30kV)对防腐涂层进行检测,以无击穿现象为合格。对于热收缩套接口,需检测其周向拉伸强度≥15MPa,剥离强度≥70N/cm。

3. 竣工验收标准

管道敷设完成后,需进行高程复测(允许偏差±50mm)、坐标复测(允许偏差±100mm)及密闭性试验(试验压力0.2MPa,保压1小时压降≤0.02MPa)。验收资料需包含土壤检测报告、焊口检测记录、防护层检测数据等完整文件。

通过上述系统性防护措施,可有效将PE电力管的直埋使用寿命延长至50年以上。工程实践中需结合现场地质条件动态调整防护方案,重点关注接口处理、回填质量及警示标识的耐久性,确保电力管线长期安全稳定运行。

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