Mpango wa Ujenzi wa Bomba la Nguvu ya PE Zilizozikwa Nje: Kuzuia kutu na Ulinzi wa Uharibifu wa Mitambo

2025-08-18


PE mabomba ya nguvu hutumiwa sana katika miradi ya nje ya bomba la nguvu iliyozikwa moja kwa moja kutokana na faida zao kama vile upinzani wa kutu, uzito mwepesi na ujenzi rahisi. Hata hivyo, kutu kwa udongo na athari za mzigo wa nje katika mazingira yaliyozikwa moja kwa moja kunaweza kusababisha uharibifu wa bomba kwa urahisi, na ulinzi wa muda mrefu unahitaji kupatikana kupitia mipango ya ujenzi wa kisayansi. Ifuatayo inaelezea pointi muhimu za kiufundi kutoka kwa vipengele vinne: maandalizi ya ujenzi, kubuni ya kupambana na kutu, ulinzi wa mitambo na udhibiti wa ubora.

Kwanza, tathmini ya mazingira ya kabla ya ujenzi na maandalizi ya nyenzo

Upimaji wa kutu wa udongo unahitajika kabla ya ujenzi, na daraja la kutu huamuliwa kupitia uamuzi wa pH, mtihani wa resistivity na uchambuzi wa muundo wa udongo. Kwa udongo wenye kutu sana (pH 9.0), hatua zilizoimarishwa za kupambana na kutu zinahitajika. Wakati huo huo, angalia ubora wa bomba la PE ili kuhakikisha kuwa inakidhi kiwango cha GB / T 13663.2, ikizingatia kuangalia mkengeuko wa unene wa ukuta wa bomba, nguvu ya kusukuma na viashiria vya upinzani wa hali ya hewa. Mabomba yasiyohitimu ni marufuku kabisa kuingia kwenye tovuti.

Pili, teknolojia ya ujenzi ya mfumo wa kupambana na kutu wa tabaka nyingi

1. Ulinzi wa mwili wa bomba

huchagua mabomba ya daraja la PE100 ambayo hukutana na daraja la shinikizo la uhandisi ili kuhakikisha usafi wa malighafi (maudhui ya kaboni nyeusi 2.5% -3.0%) ili kuboresha uwezo wa kuzeeka wa kupambana na ultraviolet. Kwa sehemu ya kiolesura, mchakato wa muunganisho wa umeme unapitishwa, na usafi wa uso wa kulehemu unahitaji kuhakikishiwa wakati wa ujenzi. Vigezo vya kulehemu vinatekelezwa kikamilifu kulingana na mchakato wa mchakato uliotolewa na mtengenezaji wa bomba. Baada ya kulehemu, shinikizo la hewa la 100% Muundo wa safu ya kinga ya mchanganyiko

Katika mazingira ya udongo yenye babuzi ya wastani, ulinzi wa safu mbili wa "PE bomba + joto shrinkable sleeve" unaweza kutumika; katika mazingira yenye babuzi kali, mipako ya makaa ya mawe ya epoxy ya kupambana na kutu (unene wa filamu kavu 0.4mm) inahitaji kuongezwa. Wakati wa ujenzi, uso wa bomba umepigwa mchanga kwa ajili ya kuondolewa kwa kutu (hadi daraja la Sa2.5), na kisha kitangulizi hupakwa na mchakato wa kunyunyizia bila hewa. Baada ya kufunga kitambaa cha nyuzi za kioo, topcoat hutumiwa kuunda mfumo kamili wa kupambana na kutu.

Tatu, hatua za ulinzi wa kina kwa uharibifu wa mitambo

1. Kina kilichozikwa na muundo wa mto

Kina kilichozikwa chini ya barabara sio chini ya 0.7m, barabara ya barabara sio chini ya 0.5m, na inahitaji kuongezeka hadi 1.0m wakati wa kuvuka 5-31.5 mm), ambayo imepigwa na vibrator bapa (shahada ya mshikamano 90%) ili kuepuka kugusana moja kwa moja na vitu vyenye ncha kali kwenye bomba.

2. Nyenzo za kujaza nyuma na udhibiti wa mchakato

Kupitisha mbinu ya kujaza nyuma yenye safu: Safu ya kwanza (300mm chini ya sehemu ya juu ya bomba) imetengenezwa kwa mchanga mzuri na ukubwa wa chembe ya 5mm, ambayo hupigwa kwa mikono; safu ya pili (300-500mm) imejazwa na udongo wa kawaida na kuunganishwa na roller ndogo ya barabara (shahada ya mshikamano 93%); safu ya juu imejazwa kulingana na mahitaji ya kitanda cha barabara. Ni marufuku kabisa kutumia taka za ujenzi au vizuizi vya udongo vilivyogandishwa wakati wa mchakato wa kujaza nyuma, na uwekaji wa mitambo hautatumika ndani ya safu ya 500mm ya juu ya bomba.

3. Hatua za onyo na kutengwa

Endelea kuweka mkanda wa onyo (upana 200mm, uliochapishwa na maneno "kebo ya nguvu, hakuna uchimbaji") kwa 300mm juu ya juu ya bomba, na urefu wa mapaja ya mkanda wa onyo ni 100mm. Wakati wa kuvuka barabara au eneo lililo hatarini kwa usumbufu wa ujenzi, mabomba ya ulinzi ya MPP (kipenyo cha bomba ni kikubwa kuliko ngazi mbili za bomba la kazi) yanahitaji kuanzishwa, na ncha mbili za bomba la ulinzi huenea hadi 2m nje ya barabara.

Nne, pointi za udhibiti wa ubora wa ujenzi

1. Udhibiti wa ubora wa kiolesura

Kabla ya kulehemu kwa muunganisho wa umeme, bomba linapaswa kunyooshwa, na kiasi kilichopangwa ni 10% ya unene wa ukuta. Baada ya kulehemu kukamilika, kwa asili itapoa chini kwa si chini ya dakika 30, na ni marufuku kabisa kuhamisha bomba wakati wa mchakato wa kupoeza. Kila bandari ya kulehemu inahitaji kukaguliwa kwa mwonekano (hakuna viputo, hata flanging), na majaribio ya uharibifu hufanywa kulingana na uwiano wa 5%.

2. Jaribio la uadilifu wa safu ya kinga

Tumia kigunduzi cha uvujaji wa cheche za umeme (voltage 30kV) ili kujaribu mipako ya kupambana na kutu, na hakuna mgawanyiko unaohitimu. Kwa kiolesura cha mikono kinachoweza kupungua kwa joto, nguvu ya mkazo wa mzunguko ni 15MPa na nguvu ya peel ni 70N / cm.

3. Kiwango cha kukubalika cha kukamilika

Baada ya uwekaji wa bomba kukamilika, jaribio la mwinuko upya (mchepuko unaoruhusiwa 50mm), jaribio la kuratibu upya (mchepuko unaoruhusiwa 100mm) na jaribio la kuzuia hewa (shinikizo la jaribio 0.2MPa, shinikizo kushuka 0.02MPa kwa saa 1 ya shinikizo la kushikilia) zinahitajika.

Kupitia hatua za ulinzi za kimfumo hapo juu, maisha ya huduma yaliyozikwa moja kwa moja ya mabomba ya nguvu ya PE yanaweza kupanuliwa kwa ufanisi hadi zaidi ya miaka 50. Katika mazoezi ya uhandisi, ni muhimu kurekebisha kwa nguvu mpango wa ulinzi kulingana na hali ya kijiolojia ya tovuti, kuzingatia matibabu ya kiolesura, ubora wa kujaza nyuma na uimara wa ishara za onyo ili kuhakikisha uendeshaji salama na thabiti wa muda mrefu wa mabomba ya nguvu.

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