Skema Konstruksi Pipa Listrik PE Dimakamkan Luar Ruangan: Anti-korosi dan Perlindungan Kerusakan Mekanik

2025-08-18


PE pipa listrik banyak digunakan dalam proyek pipa listrik outdoor langsung terkubur karena kelebihannya seperti ketahanan korosi, ringan dan konstruksi yang nyaman. Namun, korosi tanah dan dampak beban eksternal di lingkungan yang terkubur langsung dapat dengan mudah menyebabkan kerusakan pipa, dan perlindungan jangka panjang perlu dicapai melalui skema konstruksi ilmiah. Berikut ini menjelaskan poin teknis utama dari empat aspek: persiapan konstruksi, desain anti-korosi, perlindungan mekanis dan kontrol kualitas.

Pertama, penilaian lingkungan pra-konstruksi dan persiapan material

Pengujian korosi tanah diperlukan sebelum konstruksi, dan tingkat korosi ditentukan melalui penentuan pH, uji resistivitas dan analisis komposisi tanah. Untuk tanah yang sangat korosif (pH 9.0), diperlukan tindakan anti-korosi yang diperkuat. Pada saat yang sama, periksa kualitas pipa PE untuk memastikan memenuhi standar GB / T 13663.2, dengan fokus pada pemeriksaan penyimpangan ketebalan dinding pipa, kekuatan tarik dan indikator ketahanan cuaca. Pipa yang tidak memenuhi syarat dilarang keras memasuki lokasi.

Kedua, teknologi konstruksi sistem anti korosi multi-layer

1. Perlindungan bodi pipa

memilih pipa kelas PE100 yang memenuhi tingkat tekanan teknik untuk memastikan kemurnian bahan baku (kandungan karbon hitam 2,5% -3,0%) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penuaan anti-ultraviolet. Untuk bagian antarmuka, proses koneksi fusi listrik diadopsi, dan kebersihan permukaan pengelasan perlu dijamin selama konstruksi. Parameter pengelasan dilakukan secara ketat sesuai dengan kurva proses yang disediakan oleh produsen pipa. Setelah pengelasan, pengujian tekanan udara 100% dilakukan (tekanan uji 0.15MPa, tidak ada penurunan tekanan selama 30 menit).

2. Desain lapisan pelindung komposit

Dalam lingkungan tanah yang cukup korosif, perlindungan lapisan ganda dari "pipa PE + selongsong panas yang dapat menyusut" dapat digunakan; di lingkungan korosif yang kuat, lapisan anti korosi pitch batubara epoksi (ketebalan film kering 0,4mm) perlu ditambahkan. Selama konstruksi, permukaan pipa dilapisi pasir untuk menghilangkan karat (hingga kelas Sa2.5), dan kemudian primer dilapisi oleh proses penyemprotan tanpa udara. Setelah membungkus kain serat kaca, lapisan atas diterapkan untuk membentuk sistem anti-korosi lengkap.

Ketiga, tindakan perlindungan komprehensif untuk kerusakan mekanis

1. Desain ke dalaman dan bantalan terkubur

Ke dalaman terkubur di bawah jalan tidak kurang dari 0,7m, trotoar tidak kurang dari 0,5m, dan perlu diperdalam hingga 1,0m saat melintasi jalan raya. Bagian bawah parit diletakkan dengan pasir bergradasi tebal 200mm dan bantalan kerikil (ukuran partikel 5-31.5 mm), yang dirusak dengan vibrator datar (tingkat pemadatan 90%) untuk menghindari kontak langsung dengan benda tajam dalam pipa.

2. Bahan backfill dan kontrol proses

Mengadopsi metode backfill berlapis: Lapisan pertama (300mm di bawah bagian atas pipa) terbuat dari pasir halus dengan ukuran partikel 5mm, yang dirusak secara manual; lapisan kedua (300-500mm) diisi ulang dengan tanah polos dan dipadatkan oleh roller jalan kecil (pemadatan 93%); lapisan atas diisi ulang sesuai dengan persyaratan dasar jalan. Dilarang keras menggunakan limbah konstruksi atau blok tanah beku selama proses backfill, dan rolling mekanis tidak boleh digunakan dalam kisaran 500mm bagian atas pipa.

3. Langkah-langkah peringatan dan isolasi

Terus-menerus meletakkan pita peringatan (lebar 200mm, dicetak dengan kata-kata "kabel listrik, tidak ada penggalian") pada 300mm di atas bagian atas pipa, dan panjang putaran pita peringatan adalah 100mm. Saat melintasi jalan atau area yang rentan terhadap gangguan konstruksi, pipa pelindung MPP (diameter pipa lebih besar dari dua tingkat pipa kerja) perlu dipasang, dan kedua ujung pipa pelindung memanjang hingga 2m di luar dasar jalan.

Keempat, titik kontrol kualitas konstruksi

1. Kontrol kualitas antarmuka

Sebelum pengelasan fusi listrik, pipa harus diluruskan, dan jumlah terhuyung adalah 10% dari ketebalan dinding. Setelah pengelasan selesai, secara alami akan mendingin selama tidak kurang dari 30 menit, dan dilarang keras untuk memindahkan pipa selama proses pendinginan. Setiap port pengelasan perlu diperiksa untuk penampilan (tidak ada gelembung, bahkan flensa), dan pengujian destruktif dilakukan sesuai dengan proporsi 5%.

2. Uji integritas lapisan pelindung

Gunakan detektor kebocoran percikan listrik (tegangan 30kV) untuk menguji lapisan anti-korosi, dan tidak ada kerusakan yang memenuhi syarat. Untuk antarmuka selongsong panas yang dapat menyusut, kekuatan tarik melingkar adalah 15MPa dan kekuatan kulitnya adalah 70N / cm.

3. Standar penerimaan penyelesaian

Setelah peletakan pipa selesai, uji ulang elevasi (penyimpangan yang diizinkan 50mm), uji ulang koordinat (penyimpangan yang diizinkan 100mm) dan uji kedap udara (tekanan uji 0.2MPa, penurunan tekanan 0.02MPa untuk tekanan penahan 1 jam) diperlukan. Data penerimaan harus mencakup dokumen lengkap seperti laporan uji tanah, catatan uji sambungan las, dan data uji lapisan pelindung.

Melalui langkah-langkah perlindungan sistematis di atas, masa pakai pipa listrik PE yang terkubur langsung dapat diperpanjang secara efektif hingga lebih dari 50 tahun. Dalam praktik teknik, perlu secara dinamis menyesuaikan rencana perlindungan sesuai dengan kondisi geologi di tempat, dengan fokus pada perawatan antarmuka, kualitas pengisian ulang dan daya tahan tanda peringatan untuk memastikan operasi pipa listrik jangka panjang yang aman dan stabil.

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