PVCM 双壁波纹管农村污水管网施工方案:抗老化与低成本安装

2025-08-18



农村污水治理是改善人居环境的重要民生工程,而管网建设作为核心环节,面临材料耐候性不足、施工成本高的痛点。PVCM双壁波纹管以其抗老化性能优、安装成本低的优势,成为农村污水管网的理想选择。本文结合工程实践,从材料特性、施工流程、抗老化措施及成本控制等方面,构建一套适配农村场景的污水管网施工方案。

一、材料选型:抗老化性能为核心

PVCM双壁波纹管以聚氯乙烯(PVC)为基材,通过添加抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂及炭黑母粒等改性成分,提升材料耐候性。其内壁光滑降低水流阻力,外壁波纹结构增强环刚度,可承受土壤压力与地面荷载。施工前需核查材料出厂报告,重点关注静液压强度(20℃×100h≥16MPa)、落锤冲击性能(0℃条件下9/10不破裂)及耐候性指标(人工加速老化后拉伸强度保持率≥80%),确保材料适配农村露天敷设环境。

二、低成本施工流程设计

#1. 优化沟槽开挖,减少土方量

农村地区地质多为黏土或砂质土,采用浅埋敷设设计(管顶覆土深度0.6-1.2m),较传统深埋方案减少30%土方开挖量。沟槽宽度按“管道外径+0.6m”控制,边坡坡度根据土壤类别调整(黏土1:0.5,砂土1:1.25),采用机械开挖与人工修整结合,避免超挖扰动原状土。

#2. 承插式连接提升安装效率

管道连接采用“橡胶圈承插+电熔加固”复合工艺:先将橡胶圈嵌入承口凹槽,涂抹润滑剂后用紧线器将插口缓慢推入,确保间隙均匀;对关键节点(如转弯处、变径处)采用电熔套筒连接,通过专用焊机加热使管材与套筒熔为一体,接口强度达管材本体90%以上。该工艺较法兰连接节省50%工时,单台班可敷设管道200-300m。

#3. 分级回填控制成本与保护管道

回填分三步实施:①管底垫层采用级配砂石(粒径5-10mm),厚度100mm,人工夯实避免管道沉降;②管周回填选用素土或细砂,分层厚度≤200mm,轻型压路机碾压至压实度≥90%;③表层回填利用开挖土方,掺入30%碎砖或建筑垃圾(粒径≤50mm),降低外购材料费用。

三、抗老化施工保障措施

#1. 材料存储与敷设防护

管材存放需覆盖遮阳布,避免阳光直射导致老化;敷设时若遇高温天气,在沟槽底部铺设草帘保湿,防止管材因温差变形。接口处缠绕防紫外线胶带,宽度不小于200mm,形成双重防护。

#2. 土壤腐蚀防控

针对农村地区可能存在的酸性土壤(pH<6.5),在管周回填层掺入5%生石灰粉中和酸性;盐碱地(含盐量>0.3%)采用双层管道敷设,内层PVCM管,外层包裹玻璃纤维布并涂刷环氧树脂,隔绝腐蚀介质。

四、成本控制关键点

1. 本地资源利用:优先选用本地砂石、黏土作为回填材料,运输成本降低40%;与周边建材市场合作,批量采购管材享受10%-15%折扣。

2. 施工机械轻量化:采用小型挖掘机(1.5t级)、电动夯实机替代大型设备,燃油消耗减少60%,且适配农村狭窄巷道作业。

3. 工期压缩:采用“分段平行施工”,沟槽开挖、管道敷设、回填同步推进,单公里管网施工周期控制在7-10天,人工成本降低25%。

五、工程效果验证

某南方农村污水治理项目应用该方案,敷设PVCM双壁波纹管3.2km,管材选用DN300-DN600规格,施工成本降至85元/m(传统HDPE管道约120元/m),节省投资11.2万元。运行3年后管道检测显示:内壁无结垢,外壁无裂纹,抗老化性能满足设计要求(预期寿命≥50年),污水收集率从65%提升至92%。

PVCM双壁波纹管农村污水管网施工方案,通过抗老化材料选型、优化施工流程及本地化资源整合,实现了“耐用性”与“经济性”的平衡。未来可结合智慧监测技术,在管道关键节点安装压力传感器,实时预警堵塞或破损,进一步提升农村污水治理的长效性。

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