PVC maji usambazaji bomba kijiji maji usambazaji mpango wa ujenzi: mkazo kupima na bomba antifreeze

2025-08-18


katika mradi wa usambazaji wa maji wa kijiji, bomba la usambazaji wa maji la PVC hutumiwa sana kwa sababu ya upinzani wake wa kutu, gharama ya chini, ufungaji rahisi na faida zingine. Hata hivyo, kutokana na hali ngumu ya kijiolojia, joto la chini katika majira ya baridi na mambo mengine, ujenzi unahitaji kuzingatia udhibiti wa upimaji wa mkazo na viungo vya bomba vya kuzuia kufungia ili kuhakikisha uendeshaji thabiti wa muda mrefu wa mfumo wa usambazaji wa maji. pointi zifuatazo za kiufundi, hatua za utekelezaji na udhibiti wa ubora vipengele vitatu vya kuelezea.

Kwanza, upimaji wa mkazo vipimo vya kiufundi

1. Maandalizi kabla ya kupima

Baada ya ufungaji wa bomba kukamilika, ukaguzi wa kuonekana unahitajika ili kuhakikisha kuwa interface haijaharibiwa na mabano ni imara. Tumia maji safi kwa kupima, joto la maji si chini ya 5 ° C, na hewa katika bomba inahitaji kutolewa kabisa kupitia valve ya kutolea nje. Urefu wa sehemu ya majaribio haupaswi kuzidi 1km, na eneo lenye tofauti kubwa ya urefu linapaswa kujaribiwa katika sehemu.

2. Operesheni ya kuongeza daraja

- Hatua ya majaribio ya awali: Ongeza polepole hadi mara 1.5 ya shinikizo la kufanya kazi (na sio chini ya 0.6MPa), angalia ikiwa kiolesura kinavuja baada ya dakika 30 za udhibiti wa shinikizo;

- Hatua kuu ya majaribio: endelea kuongeza shinikizo la majaribio (mara 1.5 ya shinikizo la kufanya kazi), kushuka kwa shinikizo baada ya saa 1 ya udhibiti wa shinikizo haipaswi kuzidi 0.05MPa, na kisha kupunguza shinikizo la kufanya kazi kwa ukaguzi wa kuonekana ili kuhakikisha hakuna uvujaji.

3. Matibabu ya kesi maalum

Ikiwa sehemu ya uvujaji itapatikana, inapaswa kupunguzwa mara moja mifereji ya shinikizo, ukarabati baada ya majaribio tena. Kuweka udhibiti wa kina

Katika maeneo ya baridi, kina kilichozikwa cha bomba kinapaswa kuzidi unene wa udongo uliogandishwa wa zaidi ya 0.3m. Amua data ya safu ya permafrost kupitia uchunguzi wa kijiolojia, kwa mfano, kina kilichozikwa katika eneo la Uwanda wa Kaskazini-mashariki kinahitaji kufikia 1.8m, na eneo la China Kaskazini sio chini ya 1.2m.

2. Uchaguzi wa vifaa vya insulation ya joto

- Mabomba yaliyowekwa kwenye uso wa nje yamewekwa na mabomba ya koti ya polyethilini yenye msongamano wa juu (PEF), yenye unene wa 50mm, na kiolesura kimefungwa na mkanda usio na maji;

- Bandika ubao wa insulation ya mafuta ya polyurethane nene ya 50mm kwenye ukuta wa ndani wa kisima cha vali, na weka mto wa changarawe chini ya kisima kwa ajili ya mifereji ya maji.

3. Mifereji ya maji na kuzuia kufungia Kwa visima vya mita ya maji, vifuniko vya visima vya safu mbili + insulation ya joto ya bodi ya povu ya polystyrene hutumiwa, na kifaa cha kupasha joto cha umeme (nguvu 20W / m) kimewekwa ndani.

Tatu, pointi za udhibiti wa ubora

1 Kukubali nyenzo

Bomba la PVC linaloingia kwenye tovuti linahitaji kutoa cheti cha kiwanda, na mkengeuko wa unene wa ukuta (10%), jaribio la athari ya uzito (1kg nyundo nzito 1m athari ya urefu bila ufa kwa 0 °C) na vipimo vingine.

2. Rekodi ya ujenzi

hurekodi curve ya kupima mafadhaiko, mwinuko wa kuratibu bomba, unene wa safu ya insulation na data zingine kwa undani ili kuunda hati iliyofichwa ya kukubalika ya uhandisi.

3. Msaada wa dharura

Ina vifaa vya ukarabati wa dharura (kama vile mashine ya kulehemu ya kuyeyuka moto, kifaa cha kuziba), anzisha mfumo wa ukaguzi wa majira ya baridi.

Kupitia utekelezaji wa kisayansi wa upimaji wa mafadhaiko na programu za kuzuia kufungia, hatari ya uendeshaji wa mifumo ya bomba la PVC inaweza kupunguzwa kwa ufanisi. Mazoezi ya uhandisi yanaonyesha kwamba baada ya kupitisha teknolojia hapo juu, kiwango cha kushindwa kwa bomba wakati wa baridi kinaweza kupunguzwa kwa zaidi ya 80%, na kiwango cha uvujaji kinaweza kudhibitiwa ndani ya 12%, ambayo inaboresha kwa kiasi kikubwa uwezo wa dhamana ya usambazaji wa maji wa vijiji na miji.

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