PVC 給水管村鎮供水施工方案:壓力測試與管道防凍

2025-08-18


在村鎮供水工程中,PVC給水管以其耐腐蝕、成本低、安裝便捷等優勢被廣泛應用。但受地質條件複雜、冬季低溫等因素影響,施工中需重點把控壓力測試與管道防凍環節,確保供水系統長期穩定運行。以下從技術要點、實施步驟及質量控制三方面展開說明。

一、壓力測試技術規範

1. 測試前準備

管道安裝完成後,需先進行外觀檢查,確保接口無破損、支架牢固。採用潔淨水進行試驗,水溫不低於5℃,管道內空氣需通過排氣閥徹底排出。試驗段長度不宜超過1km,對於高差較大的區域應分段測試。

2. 分級升壓操作

- 預試驗階段:緩慢升壓至工作壓力的1.5倍(且不低於0.6MPa),穩壓30分鐘後檢查接口是否滲漏;

- 主試驗階段:繼續升壓至試驗壓力(工作壓力的1.5倍),穩壓1小時後壓降不得超過0.05MPa,再降至工作壓力進行外觀檢查,確保無滲漏。

3. 特殊情況處理

若發現滲漏點,應立即降壓排水,修補後重新測試。冬季測試時需採取管道伴熱措施,防止水體凍結脹裂管材。

二、管道防凍施工方案

1. 敷設深度控制

在寒冷地區,管道埋深應超過當地凍土層厚度0.3m以上。通過地質勘察確定凍土層數據,例如東北平原地區埋深需達到1.8m,華北地區不小於1.2m。

2. 保溫材料選擇

- 室外明裝管道採用高密度聚乙烯夾克管(PEF)保溫,厚度50mm,接口處用防水膠帶密封;

- 閥門井內壁粘貼50mm厚聚氨酯保溫板,井底鋪設碎石墊層排水。

3. 排水防凍設計

在管道最低點設置排水閥,冬季停用或維修時可排空管道積水。對於水錶井,採用雙層井蓋+聚苯乙烯泡沫板保溫,內部安裝電伴熱裝置(功率20W/m)。

三、質量管控要點

1. 材料驗收

進場PVC管材需提供出廠合格證,進行壁厚偏差(10%)、落錘衝擊試驗(0℃條件下1kg重錘1m高度衝擊無裂紋)等檢測。

2. 施工記錄

詳細記錄壓力測試曲線、管道座標高程、保溫層厚度等數據,形成隱蔽工程驗收文件。

3. 應急保障

配備應急搶修設備(如熱熔焊機、堵漏夾具),建立冬季巡檢制度,對裸露管道每日測溫,當環境溫度低於-10℃時啓動臨時供暖措施。

通過科學實施壓力測試與防凍方案,可有效降低PVC管道系統的運行風險。工程實踐表明,採用上述技術後,管道冬季故障率可降低80%以上,漏損率控制在12%以內,顯著提升村鎮供水保障能力。施工中需結合當地氣候、地質條件動態調整參數,確保方案的經濟性與可靠性平衡。

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