MPP nguvu bomba trenchless bomba kuchora mpango wa ujenzi: bomba kuepuka na jacking

2025-08-18


MPP nguvu bomba trenchless tubing ujenzi ni sana kutumika katika miji nguvu bomba kuweka kutokana na faida yake ya kuingiliwa chini uso na ufanisi wa juu ujenzi. Miongoni mwao, bomba kuepuka na ujenzi jacking ni viungo msingi ili kuhakikisha usalama na ubora wa mradi, na ni muhimu kutambua kuvuka salama ya mabomba ya chini ya ardhi kupitia mipango ya kisayansi na uendeshaji sahihi.

Bomba kuepuka: kabla ya uchunguzi na njia optimization

Bomba kuepuka dhana ni kushika kikamilifu mazingira ya chini ya ardhi. Kabla ya ujenzi, kitengo cha uchunguzi wa pamoja haja ya kupitisha teknolojia mchanganyiko wa "uchunguzi wa kijiofizikia + kuchimba visima": kupitia rada ya kijiolojia, bomba detector na vifaa vingine kupata mwelekeo, kina na nyenzo za mabomba yaliyopo chini ya ardhi (kama maji usambazaji mabomba, gesi mabomba, mawasiliano macho nyaya), na kuchanganya kuchimba visima ili kupata ge sahihi Mipango ya njia inapaswa kufuata kanuni ya "kipaumbele cha umbali wa usalama," na kudumisha umbali wa wazi wa usawa wa si chini ya mara 1.5 ya kipenyo cha bomba lililopo, na umbali wazi wa wima wa si chini ya mita 0.5; katika kesi ya maeneo ya bomba mnene, mpango wa "upper span" au "upenyaji wa chini" unaweza kutumika - wakati bomba lililopo limezikwa katika kina kirefu, njia ya kuinua juu (mteremko 15) imeundwa, vinginevyo inazama na kupotoka ili kuhakikisha kwamba umbali wazi kwenye makutano ni hadi kiwango. Kwa mabomba muhimu ambayo hayawezi kuepukwa, casings za kinga (kama mabomba ya CPVC) au milundo ya kuchimba bandia hutumiwa kuwatenga ili kuepuka fujo za ujenzi.

Ujenzi wa Jacking: Udhibiti wa Mwongozo na Marekebisho ya Nguvu

Mchakato wa jacking unahitaji kulenga "mwongozo sahihi Katika uteuzi wa vifaa, rig ya uchimbaji wa mwelekeo wa usawa huchaguliwa kulingana na kipenyo cha bomba (kawaida hutumiwa φ 200-φ 630mm) na hali ya kijiolojia (udongo, mchanga, mwamba), na chombo cha kuongoza (usahihi 20mm / 30m) hutumiwa kufuatilia trajectory ya kuchimba visima kwa wakati halisi. Kabla ya ujenzi, mstari wa kumbukumbu unaoongoza unahitaji kuwekwa ardhini, vigezo vya trajectory ya kubuni (mteremko, radius ya curvature) ni pembejeo, na data ya nafasi hupitishwa kwa kiweko kupitia uchunguzi uliojengwa ndani ya drill bit inayoongoza. Wakati mchepuko unazidi 50mm, pembe ya kuchimba visima inarekebishwa kwa wakati. Kwa miundo ya mchanga na kokoto, matope ya bentonite (mnato 30-50s) hutumiwa kuunda filamu ya ulinzi wa ukuta ili kupunguza hatari ya kuanguka kwa ukuta wa shimo; miundo ya udongo inaweza kupunguza mnato wa matope ipasavyo na kupunguza upinzani. Wakati wa mchakato wa jacking, nguvu ya kuburuta (80% ya nguvu ya mavuno ya bomba) inahitaji kudhibitiwa, na hali ya jacking ya daraja inakubaliwa: hatua ya awali (50m ya kwanza) ni propulsion ya kasi ya chini (1-2m / min), na kasi inaongezeka hatua kwa hatua baada ya trajectory ni thabiti ili kuepuka kupasuka kwa bomba kutokana na nguvu isiyo sawa.

Ufuatiliaji wa Nguvu na Usaidizi wa Dharura

Ili kukabiliana na kutokuwa na uhakika katika ujenzi, mfumo wa ufuatiliaji wa "ardhi + chini ya ardhi" unahitaji kuanzishwa: ardhi ina vifaa vya pointi za uchunguzi wa makazi (nafasi ya 5-10m) kufuatilia makazi ya uso (thamani ya onyo 30mm); chini ya ardhi ina vifaa vya vitambuzi vya nyuzi macho vilivyosambazwa ili kufuatilia uhamishaji na mabadiliko ya mafadhaiko ya mabomba yaliyopo kwa wakati halisi. Ikiwa itapatikana kuwa mkengeuko wa bomba unazidi 10mm au makazi ni ya haraka sana, anza mara moja mpango wa dharura: acha jacking, kurekebisha uwiano wa matope, na utumie uimarishaji wa grouting (kioo cha saruji-maji mara mbili kioevu slurry) ili kuleta utulivu.

Kwa kuongezea, mchakato mzima wa ujenzi unahitaji kufanya kazi nzuri ya ulinzi wa usalama: kuanzisha maeneo ya onyo ili kutenga tovuti ya ujenzi, kuandaa vifaa vya ukarabati wa dharura vya bomba la chini ya ardhi (kama vile pluggers, mabomba ya vipuri), na kuanzisha utaratibu wa kuunganisha na bomba. vitengo vya umiliki ili kuhakikisha mwitikio wa haraka kwa dharura. Kupitia hatua zilizo hapo juu, kuepuka salama na jacking sahihi ya mabomba katika ujenzi wa mirija isiyo na mitaro ya mabomba ya nguvu ya MPP inaweza kutekelezwa kwa ufanisi, kutoa msaada wa kiufundi wa kuaminika kwa majengo ya miundombinu ya nguvu ya mijini.

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