PVCM 雙壁波紋管農村污水管網施工方案:抗老化與低成本安裝

2025-08-18


農村污水治理是改善人居環境的重要民生工程,而管網建設作爲核心環節,面臨材料耐候性不足、施工成本高的痛點。PVCM雙壁波紋管以其抗老化性能優、安裝成本低的優勢,成爲農村污水管網的理想選擇。本文結合工程實踐,從材料特性、施工流程、抗老化措施及成本控制等方面,構建一套適配農村場景的污水管網施工方案。

一、材料選型:抗老化性能爲核心

PVCM雙壁波紋管以聚氯乙烯(PVC)爲基材,通過添加抗氧劑、紫外線吸收劑及炭黑母粒等改性成分,提升材料耐候性。其內壁光滑降低水流阻力,外壁波紋結構增強環剛度,可承受土壤壓力與地面荷載。施工前需覈查材料出廠報告,重點關注靜液壓強度(20℃100h16MPa)、落錘衝擊性能(0℃條件下9/10不破裂)及耐候性指標(人工加速老化後拉伸強度保持率80%),確保材料適配農村露天敷設環境。

二、低成本施工流程設計

#1. 優化溝槽開挖,減少土方量

農村地區地質多爲黏土或砂質土,採用淺埋敷設設計(管頂覆土深度0.6-1.2m),較傳統深埋方案減少30%土方開挖量。溝槽寬度按“管道外徑+0.6m”控制,邊坡坡度根據土壤類別調整(黏土1:0.5,砂土1:1.25),採用機械開挖與人工修整結合,避免超挖擾動原狀土。

#2. 承插式連接提升安裝效率

管道連接採用“橡膠圈承插+電熔加固”複合工藝:先將橡膠圈嵌入承口凹槽,塗抹潤滑劑後用緊線器將插口緩慢推入,確保間隙均勻;對關鍵節點(如轉彎處、變徑處)採用電熔套筒連接,通過專用焊機加熱使管材與套筒熔爲一體,接口強度達管材本體90%以上。該工藝較法蘭連接節省50%工時,單臺班可敷設管道200-300m。

#3. 分級回填控制成本與保護管道

回填分三步實施:①管底墊層採用級配砂石(粒徑5-10mm),厚度100mm,人工夯實避免管道沉降;②管週迴填選用素土或細砂,分層厚度200mm,輕型壓路機碾壓至壓實度90%;③表層回填利用開挖土方,摻入30%碎磚或建築垃圾(粒徑50mm),降低外購材料費用。

三、抗老化施工保障措施

#1. 材料存儲與敷設防護

管材存放需覆蓋遮陽布,避免陽光直射導致老化;敷設時若遇高溫天氣,在溝槽底部鋪設草簾保溼,防止管材因溫差變形。接口處纏繞防紫外線膠帶,寬度不小於200mm,形成雙重防護。

#2. 土壤腐蝕防控

針對農村地區可能存在的酸性土壤(pH0.3%)採用雙層管道敷設,內層PVCM管,外層包裹玻璃纖維布並塗刷環氧樹脂,隔絕腐蝕介質。

四、成本控制關鍵點

1. 本地資源利用:優先選用本地砂石、黏土作爲回填材料,運輸成本降低40%;與周邊建材市場合作,批量採購管材享受10%-15%折扣。

2. 施工機械輕量化:採用小型挖掘機(1.5t級)、電動夯實機替代大型設備,燃油消耗減少60%,且適配農村狹窄巷道作業。

3. 工期壓縮:採用“分段平行施工”,溝槽開挖、管道敷設、回填同步推進,單公里管網施工週期控制在7-10天,人工成本降低25%。

五、工程效果驗證

某南方農村污水治理項目應用該方案,敷設PVCM雙壁波紋管3.2km,管材選用DN300-DN600規格,施工成本降至85元/m(傳統HDPE管道約120元/m),節省投資11.2萬元。運行3年後管道檢測顯示:內壁無結垢,外壁無裂紋,抗老化性能滿足設計要求(預期壽命50年),污水收集率從65%提升至92%。

PVCM雙壁波紋管農村污水管網施工方案,通過抗老化材料選型、優化施工流程及本地化資源整合,實現了“耐用性”與“經濟性”的平衡。未來可結合智慧監測技術,在管道關鍵節點安裝壓力傳感器,實時預警堵塞或破損,進一步提升農村污水治理的長效性。

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